The Physical Trust Layer

Five layers of patented
infrastructure for art finance

From a smartphone photograph to a blockchain-anchored, AML-scored digital passport. Every layer is designed for institutional use, protected by 35 patent claims, and compliant with EU, US, and UK regulatory frameworks.

Visual DNA Provenance AML Scoring NFC Binding Blockchain SOC 2 & GDPR Research

Layer 1 — Patent #1

MIRAS Visual DNA™

Every artwork has a unique physical surface — micro-variations in brushstrokes, canvas weave, pigment texture, and craquelure that are as distinctive as a human fingerprint. MIRAS captures this identity through a standardised 6-zone photographic protocol using a standard smartphone.

The images are processed through three independent algorithms that together produce a single SHA-256 cryptographic digest — the Visual DNA — which is non-reversible, non-forgeable, and can be re-verified at any time by re-photographing the artwork.

A high-quality print or reproduction fails verification because it cannot replicate the physical micro-texture of the original surface.

Patent #1 · UIBM #102026000009442 · 18 claims

Three-Algorithm Pipeline

DINOv2
Vision Transformer
pHash
Perceptual Hash
Gabor
Texture Analysis
FAISS
Similarity Search
<0.01%
False Positive Rate
<2s
Matching Latency
1.5KB
Fingerprint Size

Automated Research

Provenance Intelligence

MIRAS doesn't just store provenance — it actively researches it. The system queries 10+ external databases via API, calculates a Provenance Completeness Index (PCI), and flags gaps automatically.

Historical Risk Windows are pre-configured: Nazi looting (1933–1945), Eastern European confiscations (1949–1990), Russian revolution (1917–1922), UNESCO cultural property (post-1970), Cuban confiscations (1953–1959). Any ownership gap during these periods triggers an automatic flag.

The system is intellectually honest: it never claims 100% provenance where it doesn't exist. Instead, it quantifies exactly what is documented and what remains unknown.

Automated Database Checks

Art Loss RegisterStolen art (€8/check)
InterpolStolen Works DB (free)
ICOM Red ListsCultural heritage
Carabinieri TPCItalian cultural police
OFAC SDNUS sanctions (free)
EU SanctionsConsolidated list (free)
OpenSanctionsGlobal PEP/sanctions
Artnet / ArtpriceAuction comparables
National RegistersCultural heritage
10+
Data Sources
PCI
Completeness Index

Layer 5 — Patent #2

AML Risk Scoring Engine

The industry's first computational AML risk model for art transactions. Three independent scoring engines analyse 26 risk variables with 10 contextual modifiers, producing a composite score (0–100) mapped to four risk bands.

The Artwork Scoring Engine (ASE) uniquely integrates data from Patent 1 — Visual DNA verification status, NFC authentication, and blockchain integrity — creating a cross-layer anomaly detection capability that no partnership of separate tools can replicate.

For scores above 75 (Red), the system auto-generates a Suspicious Transaction Report in goAML format (UNODC standard), ready for submission to any Financial Intelligence Unit.

Patent #2 · UIBM #102026000010327 · 17 claims

Three Scoring Engines

CSE — Client
9 variables
ASE — Artwork
9 variables
TSE — Transaction
8 variables
Modifiers
10 contextual
GREEN
0–25
YELLOW
26–50
ORANGE
51–75
RED
76–100
26
Risk Variables
62
Feature Space

Layer 2 — Patent #1

NFC Physical Binding

An NXP NTAG 424 DNA chip with AES-128 encryption is physically bound to the artwork. Each tap generates a unique, non-replayable cryptographic message (SUN/CMAC protocol) with a monotonically increasing counter.

The tag stores the SHA-256 digest of the Visual DNA, creating a bidirectional cryptographic link: the tag proves it belongs to this artwork, and the artwork proves it belongs to this tag.

Tamper-evident adhesive and a TagTamper wire loop detect any removal attempt. If the tag is compromised, the Visual DNA remains the source of truth — the artwork is always identifiable without the tag.

Trap Mode: A stolen NFC tag on a fake artwork triggers instant Visual DNA mismatch — and continues logging GPS, timestamp, and device data for law enforcement.

Patent #1 · 18 claims

NFC Security Features

Chip
NXP NTAG 424 DNA
Encryption
AES-128
Protocol
SUN / CMAC
Anti-tamper
Wire loop + adhesive
0
Cloneable
Tap lifespan

Layer 3 — Patent #1

Dual-Layer Blockchain

MIRAS resolves the tension between data confidentiality (GDPR) and regulatory auditability using a dual-layer architecture.

Private layer (Hyperledger Fabric): stores confidential records — personal data, transaction details, full provenance chain — with Role-Based Access Control. Supports GDPR Art. 17 right to erasure.

Public layer (Ethereum L2 / Polygon): stores only irreversible hashes and ERC-721 tokens. Any third party can verify the integrity of a record without accessing confidential data.

An Independent Audit Node verifies every anchor — third parties don't need to trust MIRAS to verify proof.

Patent #1 · 18 claims

Architecture

Private
Hyperledger Fabric
Public
Polygon ERC-721
Token
Non-fungible (NFT)
Hash
SHA-256
5+
Year retention (Basel VII)
GDPR
Art. 17 compliant

Security & Compliance

SOC 2, GDPR & EU AI Act

SOC 2 Type I certification targeted for Year 1. Penetration tested before launch. Infrastructure hosted on AWS multi-region EU (Frankfurt primary, Ireland secondary) for GDPR data residency.

GDPR by architecture: personal data encrypted in Data Vault (AES-256 + RBAC). Blockchain stores only irreversible hashes. Right to erasure without compromising audit trail integrity.

EU AI Act (Art. 13, 14): every risk score includes a Risk Decomposition Report with top-5 contributing variables and natural language explanation. Human-in-the-loop mandatory for Orange and Red decisions.

Regulatory coverage: AMLR 2024/1624 (EU), 6AMLD (EU), Art Market Integrity Act S.2400 (US), HMRC MLR 2017 (UK), Basel AML Principles, RAM Toolkit.

Compliance Stack

Audit
SOC 2 Type I (Y1)
Data
GDPR Art. 17
AI
EU AI Act Art. 13-14
AML
AMLR + 6AMLD + AMIA
Hosting
AWS EU (Frankfurt)
Encryption
AES-256 + RBAC

Peer-Reviewed

SSRN Working Paper · 2026

Cross-Layer Anomaly Detection for AML Compliance in the Art Market: A Multi-Engine Scoring Framework

Tullio Angheben (MIRAS.ART — MARGIN International LLC), Margherita Angheben & Ginevra Angheben (CBS International Business School)

The paper introduces a computational framework purpose-built for anti-money laundering compliance in the art market. The system employs three independent scoring engines comprising 26 proprietary variables and 10 contextual modifiers. Using softmax-based aggregation, it produces composite risk scores that enable compliance with EU Regulation 2024/1624 with computational precision rather than subjective judgment.

Read the full paper on SSRN →

Paper Metrics

26
Risk Variables
3
Scoring Engines
10
Modifiers
62
Feature Space
SSRN Paper #6584859

The only platform that proves an artwork
is authentic and its transaction compliant.

Two patents. 35 claims. The physical trust layer of art finance.

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